Happiness in Conversations

My mother and I often engage in small talk - but it's code for "I love you."

My mother and I often engage in small talk – but it’s code for “I love you.”

Researchers investigated the difference between happy and unhappy people in the types of conversations they tend to have. Their conclusion – happy people tend to have more substantive conversations and less small talk than do unhappy people. In fact, the study showed the happiest participants had twice as many substantive conversations and one third as much small talk as the unhappiest participants.

“Just as self-disclosure can instill a sense of intimacy in a relationship, deep conversations may instill a sense of meaning in the interaction between partners,” say the researchers.

It’s okay to talk about the weather or basketball scores, but why do you talk about such things? Are you nervous or anxious or concerned about the person with whom you’re having a conversation? Then why not just come out with it instead? Well, for many of us, just “coming out with it” is uncomfortable and sometimes opens windows or doors into worlds of hurt and shame. So we “code” our conversations so as not to directly shake the tree, so to speak.

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Calm Down to Live Longer

Chronic stress kills.

Chronic stress kills.

According to Nicole Vogelzangs, PhD, of VU University Medical Center in The Netherlands and lead author of a study on the subject, high levels of the stress hormone cortisol strongly predicts cardiovascular death among persons with and without pre-existing cardiovascular disease. “Previous studies have suggested that cortisol might increase the risk of cardiovascular mortality, but until now, no study had directly tested this hypothesis,” said Vogelzangs. “The results of our study clearly show that cortisol levels in a general older population predict cardiovascular death, but not other causes of mortality.”

Chronic stress induces chronic high levels of cortisol in the bloodstream, which in turn predicts cardiovascular death. Chronic stress kills.

“Cortisol is an important component of the stress system of the human body but in higher concentrations can be harmful,” said Vogelzangs. “Our study shows that older persons with high levels of cortisol have an increased risk of dying from cardiovascular disease. This finding significantly adds evidence to the belief that cortisol can be damaging to the cardiovascular system.”

High blood cortisol levels should indicate immediate work on creating an effective strategy for calming down in the face of stress.

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Why We Feel Guilt

The best resolution to guilt is ACTION - some kind of action that mitigates or helps redeem us from our transgression.

The best resolution to guilt is ACTION – some kind of action that mitigates or helps redeem us from our transgression.

I have always felt that guilt, far from being the “bad guy” of the new age, plays a vital role in the regulation of social behavior. That feeling in your gut often serves as the impetus for a stab at redemption.

Psychologists have trouble agreeing on the function of this complex emotion. On one hand, the punitive feeling of guilt may keep you from repeating the same transgressive behavior in the future, which psychologists call “withdrawal motivation.” Conversely, some researchers view the function of guilt in a societal context, in that it keeps people’s behavior in line with the moral standards of their community. This view emphasizes a more positive emotional experience and is associated with “approach motivation.”

In a study appearing in Psychological Science, published by the Association for Psychological Science, New York University psychologist, David M. Amodio, and his colleagues, Patricia G. Devine, and Eddie Harmon-Jones, sought to bring some understanding to this complex issue. The researchers believe that guilt is initially associated with withdrawal motivation, which then transforms into approach-motivated behavior when an opportunity for reparation presents itself. Furthermore, the researchers sought to test these questions about the functions guilt plays in the context of reducing racial prejudice.

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Cooperation vs Competition

Individuals preferred choosing cooperation over competition when given the optionPsychologists Nir Halevy, Gary Bornstein and Lilach Sagiv from The Hebrew University of Jerusalem have taken a step closer to our understanding of cooperation versus competition with a recent study exploring individual preferences for inter-group conflict or intra-group cohesiveness in humans.

They set up an experiment in which the participants had a clear choice to either contribute to the in-group without harming anyone, or actively choosing to damage the out-group.

Previous studies on the topic indicated that individuals would often choose to compete with any opposing group; however, the game used to measure those studies failed to give participants the option of leaving the other group alone. The only choices given participants in the previous studies were to keep all of the tokens or to give tokens to the in-group while subtracting tokens from the out-group. By adding the new option of keeping all money within the in-group, the psychologists allowed participants to strengthen their own group without damaging the other.

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Death Thoughts Cause Excess

Watching TV news late at night can cause you to gain weight.

Watching TV news late at night can cause you to gain weight.

No surprise – “People want to consume more of all kinds of foods, both healthy and unhealthy, when thinking about the idea that they will die some day,” write the authors Naomi Mandel (Arizona State University) and Dirk Smeesters (Erasmus University Rotterdam, the Netherlands).

The theory – “When people are reminded of their inevitable mortality, they may start to feel uncomfortable about what they have done with their lives and whether they have made a significant mark on the universe. This is a state called ‘heightened self-awareness.’ One way to deal with such an uncomfortable state is to escape from it, by either overeating or overspending.”

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Smile for Health

When I smile approvingly at myself in the mirror, I signal to my body a social approval closer to me than any other society.

When I smile approvingly at myself in the mirror, I signal to my body a social approval closer to me than any other society.

A study by Carolien Martijn and Marlies Vanderlinden from Maastricht University investigated whether body satisfaction can increase when women learn to associate their appearance with social approval. “The positive effect we witnessed for women with a high level of body concern supports the idea that body satisfaction may be linked to the idea of social approval. Simply showing these women photographs of themselves followed by a smiling face – signalling social approval – increased their body satisfaction and self esteem significantly,” Carolien Martijn said.

It occurs to me that the first “society” we face every day is our own – me, myself, and I. When I smile at myself in the mirror, I signal to my body a social approval closer to me than any other society.

Here’s a quick and easy imagery you can do to improve your self-esteem and perhaps your physical health.

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Hypnotic State Confirmed?

A group of researchers has, for the first time, demonstrated a real hypnotic state in a human subject. Hypnosis has for generations been considered fringe because the “hypnotic state” could not be objectified.

That has now changed. Real objective testing has demonstrated that in some subjects, an altered brain state exists that can be called hypnosis and can be induced via technique. Further, that altered state can be measured. No more guessing as to whether a subject is “under” or is faking – this team of researchers conclusively resolved that conflict. There IS a hypnotic state; it can be measured; and it can be induced by a qualified hypnotist.

Awesome!

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Gay And Heterosexual Couples Enjoy Equal Levels Of Commitment And Relationship Satisfaction

Two studies on the quality of adult relationships and healthy developments featured in the January issue of Developmental Psychology, published by the American Psychological Association show that same-sex couples are just as committed in their romantic relationships as heterosexual couples. The findings dispute the stereotype that couples in same-sex relationships are not as committed as their heterosexual counterparts and are therefore not as psychologically healthy.

The first study examined whether committed same-sex couples differ from engaged and married opposite-sex couples in how well they interacted and how satisfied they were with their partners. Evidence has shown that positive interactions improve the quality of relationships in ways that foster healthy adult development.

Results showed that same-sex relationships were similar to those of opposite-sex couples in many ways. All had positive views of their relationships but those in the more committed relationships (gay and straight) resolved conflict better than the heterosexual dating couples. And lesbian couples worked together especially harmoniously during the laboratory tasks.

The notion that committed same-sex relationships are “atypical, psychologically immature, or malevolent contexts of development was not supported by our findings,” said lead author Glenn I. Roisman, PhD. “Compared with married individuals, committed gay males and lesbians were not less satisfied with their relationships.” Continue reading

Symptoms of the Inner Peace Illness: Do you have it?

Warning Signs: (Things to watch out for)

1. A tendency to think and act spontaneously rather than on fears based on past experience
2. An unmistakable ability to enjoy the moment
3. A loss of interest in judging other people
4. A loss of interest in judging self
5. A loss of interest in interpreting the actions of others
6. An inability to worry (this is a very serious symptom!)
7. The rare disease of putting things in perspective instead of seeing everything as black and white all or nothing thinking.
8. A loss of the ability to “should” on yourself or others. (This one you really SHOULD watch out for)
9. Actually seeing how you can benefit from criticism in some way, without taking it personal.
10. A dropping of all the stories you tell for why you can’t have inner peace right now.
11. Frequent overwhelming episodes of appreciation
12. Frequent acts of smiling
13. An increasing tendency to let things happen rather than to make them happen
14. An increased susceptibility to the love extended by others as well as the uncontrollable urge to extend it.

The Zoo

When we realize that we are insignificant in the cosmological, geological, and time realms, perhaps we can begin to come to grips with just who we really are.

When we realize that we are insignificant in the cosmological, geological, and time realms, perhaps we can begin to come to grips with just who we really are.

“Extraterrestrial intelligent life may be almost ubiquitous. The apparent failure of such life to interact with us may be understood in terms of the hypothesis that they have set us aside as part of a wilderness area or zoo.” John A. Ball, The Zoo Hypothesis, Elsevier Science, 1973.

I like this hypothesis – puts humans into perspective cosmologically.

When we realize that we are insignificant in the cosmological, geological, and time realms, perhaps we can begin to come to grips with just who we really are.

There are those who believe we are “created in the image of God” – although it seems to me more likely that god is created by man in his (man’s) own image in an attempt to create a false sense of importance (we like feeling important, you know). This perspective seeks to implant humanity at the pinnacle of importance cosmologically – as “children of God” we are more important than all the trillions of stars, billions of galaxies, millions of galaxy clusters, and the infinite space we call the universe – as well as countless life forms yet to be discovered by us (refer to opening quote).

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