Just seeing the letter “A” before an exam can significantly improve a student’s results. Contrarily, exposure to the letter “F” may make a student more likely to fail. A study by Dr Keith Ciani and Dr Ken Sheldon at the University of Missouri, found: “The letters A and F have significant meaning for students, A represents success and F, failure. We hypothesized that if students are exposed to these letters prior to an academic test it could affect their performance through non-conscious motivation.”
“Non-conscious motivation,” huh? Awesome! Do they mean to say that I (you) can be influenced by sub-conscious external motivator cues? Who’d a-thunk it?
Although the number of test subjects was small – only 131 students took part in three experiments – I like their hypothesis. The results were interesting, too.


