Adversity’s Silver Lining

A little trauma actually strengthens your resilience.

A little trauma actually strengthens your resilience.

Mark D. Seery of the University at Buffalo published a paper on the psychological effects of adversity vs resilience. He concludes that a little adversity is actually good for you. But, how much is “too much” adversity depends on each person’s resilience. Many studies have shown that traumatic events can cause long-lasting psychological damage.

The common wisdom is “That which doesn’t kill you makes you stronger” – which is not supported by scientific evidence. Quite the contrary, most evidence points to the opposite – that which doesn’t kill you makes you weaker, at least psychologically.

However, Seery contends that a little trauma actually strengthens your resilience – a bit like exercise traumatizes yet strengthens muscles. Just like in the case of strengthening muscles by traumatizing them (to build muscle, one must damage muscle cells a little), a few traumatizing events in one’s lifetime can strengthen their resilience after future traumas.

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Homeless Vets?

Veterans make up an inordinate percentage of the homeless in America.

Veterans make up an inordinate percentage of the homeless in America.

About 25 percent of homeless Americans are veterans-131,000 according to VA statistics-and more than 75 percent have a mental disorder, often PTSD. The National Coalition for Homeless Veterans has noted that Iraq veterans are already beginning to show up in that population.

Why the disproportionate number of veterans? (according to the Hoover Institute, about 8% of the US population are veterans)

The answer is complex, but I believe it is because of mental problems associated with their service time. PTSD being the most widely diagnosed condition.

I applaud the Defense Department’s efforts to provide treatment to veterans, but it seems that whatever treatment they are receiving is not getting them out of homeless shelters and back into productive lives.

Alternative healing methods have been tested in some VA hospitals, but I think the general bias against such treatments by the established medical community makes testing difficult and results ambiguous – while at the same time, medical and surgical procedures get passed with barely a blink. For example, Walter Reed Hospital published case reports detailing the successful treatment of combat-related post-traumatic stress disorder with a stellate ganglion block. Never mind that only TWO (count them – 2) subjects were involved in the testing.

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PTSD Causes Early Heart Disease Death

Vietnam veterans with PTSD–like chronic smokers-are at higher risk of early death from heart disease
Vietnam veterans with PTSD – like chronic smokers – are at higher risk of early death from heart disease.

A new Geisinger study finds that Vietnam veterans who experienced posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) were twice as likely to die from heart disease as veterans without PTSD. In a study published in the July issue of Psychosomatic Medicine, Geisinger Senior Investigator Joseph Boscarino, PhD, MPH examined the prevalence of heart disease, PTSD and other problems in more than 4,000 Vietnam veterans. The more severe the PTSD diagnosis, the greater the likelihood of death from heart disease, the study showed.

Vietnam veterans with PTSD–like chronic smokers-are at higher risk of early death from heart disease, Dr. Boscarino concluded. Boscarino says that PTSD equates to smoking two to three packs of cigarettes per day for more than 20 years.

The body releases stress hormones in reaction to PTSD, which leads to inflammation and damage to the arteries and cardiovascular system. “Increased levels of stress hormones and less cortisol from PTSD are a bad combination,” Dr. Boscarino explained. “Basically, PTSD just cooks your arteries in this situation.”

“The science is conclusively showing that if you suffer psychological trauma, it’s going to take a toll on your physical health,” Dr. Boscarino said.

“Getting counseling today is critical to avoiding a related problem tomorrow.”

PTSD Inoculations

An injection of cortisol shortly after exposure to a traumatic event could prevent the onset of PTSD.

An injection of cortisol shortly after exposure to a traumatic event could prevent the onset of PTSD.

Prof. Joseph Zohar from the Sackler Medical School, Tel Aviv University, has found that an injection of cortisol shortly after exposure to a traumatic event could prevent the onset of PTSD.

What a brilliant idea! Why wait for symptoms of PTSD to debilitate a person when prevention can address and effectively eliminate the problem altogether. Further, as inoculated trauma victims are returned to their families and societies, they are more likely to be more productive, better able to cope with their home environments, and quicker to adjust to later possible traumas.

Dr. Zohar’s idea of an injection shortly after exposure could backfire for those people susceptible to cortisol build-up or who’s bodies don’t process cortisol well. Many overweight people have difficulty processing the stress hormone and thus their bodies collect body fat instead of dealing with stress properly.

I propose that those exposed to traumatic events instead, use a quick de-stress process like RET or EFT to better utilize the cortisol they already have. In those cases where cortisol injections might be especially useful, I propose they be accompanied by RET or EFT sessions so that the cortisol is better utilized.

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Trauma, Memory, and Rapid Eye Technology

Dreaming and daydreaming, ruminating, or hearing traumatic keywords associated with a trauma can turn on enough noradrenaline to unlock the cabinet.

Dreaming and daydreaming, ruminating, or hearing traumatic keywords associated with a trauma can turn on enough noradrenaline to unlock the cabinet.

As I’ve discussed before in this blog, memories, particularly traumatic memories can be very inaccurate recordings of events. I think I’ve come across a good explanation for why that is so – and what can be done about it.

Neuroscientists at The University of Queensland explain how emotional events can sometimes lead to disturbing long term memories. During studies of the almond-shaped part of the brain called the amygdala – a region associated with processing emotions – Queensland Brain Institute (QBI) scientists uncovered a cellular mechanism underlying the formation of emotional memories – and it involves a well known stress hormone – noradrenaline, the brain’s version of adrenaline. Noradrenaline affects the amygdala by controlling chemical and electrical pathways in the brain responsible for memory formation.

Think of this interaction between chemical and brain structure like a file cabinet.

When an emotional event occurs noradrenaline is released in the brain – the more emotionally traumatic the event, the more adrenaline gets turned on in the body and more noradrenaline released in the brain. This chemical is like the key to the file cabinet. Once open, the drawer assigned to that particular kind of event reveals many folders full of data – images, sensations, sounds and more that are similar in nature to the current event being experienced.

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PTSD In Soldiers Up 50% In 2007

PTSD up 50% in 2007

Reported Cases Of PTSD In Soldiers Up 50% In 2007, According To Defense Officials

The number of U.S. service members diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder increased by nearly 50% from 2006 to 2007, according to Pentagon data released on Tuesday, the Washington Post reports. Nearly 40,000 soldiers who have served in Iraq or Afghanistan from 2003 to 2007 have been diagnosed by the military as having PTSD (Scott Tyson, Washington Post, 5/28). In 2007, nearly 14,000 cases of PTSD were diagnosed by military officials, compared with more than 9,500 new cases in 2006 and 1,632 in 2003, Army data show (Jelinek, AP/New York Times, 5/28).

Military officials said that the numbers represent a fraction of service members who have PTSD because the data do not include those diagnosed by Department of Veterans Affairs workers or civilian caregivers, and those who do not seek care, according to the Post (Washington Post, 5/28). According to the AP/San Francisco Chronicle, “Officials have estimated that roughly 50% of troops with mental health problems don’t get treatment because they’re embarrassed or fear it will hurt their careers” (AP/San Francisco Chronicle, 5/28). Schoomaker said, “We’re in our infancy right now of fully knowing what the extent of this is” (Washington Post, 5/28). Continue reading

To Talk or Not

Trauma affects people in different ways.

Trauma affects people in different ways.

A University at Buffalo study, published in the Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, compared the progress of 3,000 people who took different approaches over two years following the 9/11 attacks. It found people initially unwilling to talk were less likely to be adversely affected by the trauma two years later.

“We should be telling people there is likely nothing wrong if they do not want to express their thoughts and feelings after experiencing a collective trauma. In fact, they can cope quite successfully and, according to our results, are likely to be better off than someone who does want to express his or her feelings,” said Dr Mark Seery, University at Buffalo. The popular belief is that talking out your feelings is the best thing to do after a trauma experience. This study suggests that for many this may not be the best approach. Continue reading

Resilience – Evolutionary Advantage

Although I sprayed them every year they'd just come back stronger. They had become resilient.

Although I sprayed them every year they’d just come back stronger. They had become resilient.

There is a spot in our backyard garden where the same weeds pop up every spring – and which I spray each spring. Over time, the spray seems to be lessening its effect on them and now, the weeds simply cannot be killed using those sprays I’ve used before – they have survived and learned to be resilient.

For years I’ve believed that victimhood is the key to therapeutic inaction and failure. Clients who believe they are the victim of abuse feel powerless and helpless against the intense feelings that boil within them. “I can’t help it – I was beaten as a child. It’s DADDY’S fault I’m fat!”

What if you were to look at yourself instead as a survivor imbued with a strength called resilience? Rather than feeling helpless and hopeless, might you feel more empowered? And what if you were to learn that by putting your strength to work for you, you might actually make your life work better? What if you considered resilience an evolutionary gift rather than a problem needing correction?

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Panic Attacks and CO2

CO2 is heavier than normal air and so will tend to sit at the bottom of your lungs unless you exhale it.

CO2 is heavier than normal air and so will tend to sit at the bottom of your lungs unless you exhale it.

John Wemmie and Michael Welsh of the University of Iowa, Iowa City, reported in the November 25, 2009 issue of the journal Cell, a Cell Press publication, that they have discovered a chemical sensor for carbon dioxide deep in the brain’s emotional center – the amygdala. This part of the brain, when it senses an acidic condition (ph) created by higher levels of CO2 in the body, triggers fight-or-flight behaviors we label panic attacks.

I’ve discussed before in this blog the impact of chemistry, particularly CO2 levels in the body on mood and behavior. This is not a new concept – it’s been known for at least a century (the Chinese knew it millenia ago) that chemical imbalances in the body affect behavior.

If you’re experiencing panic attacks fairly often, it could be that your amygdala is hypersensitive to CO2 levels. You may need to breathe differently to expel excess CO2 and increase the oxygen levels in your body.

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Are Killer Repressed Memories a Myth?

A percentage of veterans (and by extension, some civilians) who have experienced traumatic events have a built-in coping mechanism that appears to repress traumatic memories in order to make life more satisfying and livable. And the strategy works well for them!

A percentage of veterans (and by extension, some civilians) who have experienced traumatic events have a built-in coping mechanism that appears to repress traumatic memories in order to make life more satisfying and livable. And the strategy works well for them!

“Going back to the days of Sigmund Freud, psychiatrists and mental health experts have suggested that repression of traumatic memories could lead to health problems. Yet we have found little evidence that repression had an adverse health impact on combat veterans exposed to psychological trauma many years later.”

Joseph Boscarino, Ph.D. and Tulane University investigator Charles Figley, Ph.D., have been studying the effects of repressed memories in Vietnam war and other war veterans to help understand the relationship between repressed memories and physical ailment and longevity.

For years I had worked under the belief that horrific traumatic experiences should “come out” to be resolved or relieved of their emotional charge – and that suppressing those memories was tantamount to denial – leading to terrible life consequences. I’ve worked with hundreds of clients, many of whom were veterans. For those who chose to disclose their traumatic emotional baggage, swift release of the psychic energy often produced a noticeable increased sense of well-being and life satisfaction – that lasted.

However, according to Boscarino and Figley, a percentage of veterans (and by extension, some civilians) who have experienced traumatic events have a built-in coping mechanism that appears to repress traumatic memories in order to make life more satisfying and livable. And the strategy works well for them!

In these cases, “Repression is a self-regulator and a method of memory management,” Dr. Figley said. “In other words, ‘keeping your stressful memories inside or it will kill you’ is a myth.”

To both practitioner and veteran, I would say – “If what you are doing is working well for you, no need to ‘rock the boat’ for the sake of therapy.” Like my old pappy used to say, “If it ain’t broke – don’t fix it!”

To that I would add – just because you experienced traumatic events does not necessarily mean you need therapy to “resolve your issue” or that you must have repressed memories that will affect you physically if not properly dealt with – usually by expressing them. Maybe all you need to do is continue to do what you’re doing now. Sometimes the hunt for repressed memories itself is more traumatic than the memories sought after – and can cause more psychological damage than repressing the memories.

However (and this is important) – if someone close to you suggests therapy, take them up on the idea. And if you suddenly find yourself acting out for no reason whatsoever – like losing your temper when your wife tells you she’s going to brew another cup of coffee or sit in a different chair – or maybe you start losing sleep at night due to recurring nightmares – consider therapy to relieve you of some suppressed emotional charge. The investment may just make the difference between “just getting by” emotionally and loving and living your life to the fullest.